Variable winds on Venus mapped in three dimensions

Offshore winds mapped from satellite remote sensing

Zonal winds at high latitudes on Venus: An improved application of cyclostrophic balance to Venus Express observations

Recent retrievals of zonal thermal winds obtained in a cyclostrophic regime on Venus are generally consistent with cloud tracking measurements at midlatitudes, but become unphysical in polar regions where the values obtained above the clouds are often less than or close to zero. Using a global atmospheric model, we show that the main source of errors that appear in the polar regions when retrie...

On algebraically defined graphs in three dimensions

Let F be a field of characteristic zero or of a positive odd characteristic p. For a polynomial f ∈ F[x, y], we define a graph ΓF(xy, f) to be a bipartite graph with vertex partition P ∪L, P = F = L, and (p1, p2, p3) ∈ P is adjacent to [l1, l2, l3] ∈ L if and only if p2 + l2 = p1l1 and p3 + l3 = f(p1, l1). If f = xy, the graph ΓF(xy, xy ) has the length of a shortest cycle (the girth) equal to ...

Biology in three dimensions

Most things in biology spread out into three dimensions, and many biological web sites include three-dimensional images. But biologists want more than a look at something. They want to pick it up and look at it from all sides, which is where three-dimensional images that can be manipulated online really come into their own. One approach to such interactive images relies on VRML (virtual reality...

Collapsars in Three Dimensions

We present the results of 3-dimensional simulations of the direct collapse to a black hole of a rotating, 60M⊙, zero metallicity, population III star. Because the structure of this star (angular momentum, density and temperature profiles) is similar to many collapsar gamma-ray burst progenitors, these calculations have implications beyond the fate of population III stars. These simulations prov...